Waffa A. Abd El-Ghany

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is the organism that causes necrotic enteritis in birds and badly affects the poultry industry. Although Salinomycin is an anticoccidial drug but it may indirectly affects C. perfringens infection. Synbiotics preparations are nowadays used as natural products to exclude enteric infection like C. perfringens. This study was designed to make a comparative evaluation on the effect of coccidiostate Salinomycin and synbiotic preparation on prevention of C. perfringens in broiler chickens. Two hundred day- old meat type chicks were assigned into 5 equal separate groups (1-5) each of 40 birds. Chickens of group (1) and (2) were fed on ration containing the coccidiostate (Salinomycin) and synbiotic preparations, respectively from the first day of old till the end of the study. Birds in group (3) received ration containing both products (Salinomycin and synbiotic) for all entire period of the experiment. Each bird in groups 1, 2, 3 and4 was orally inoculated with 0.5 ml of C. perfringens broth culture (109 CFU/ml) at 14 days old. Birds in group (5) were kept as a blank negative control (non- treated and non- challenged). All the groups were kept under complete observation for 3 weeks after challenge (35 day of age). Clinical signs, mortalities, gross lesions, performance variables, intestinal and caecal bacterial count as well as histopathological examination were taken as criteria for evaluation. Results indicated that using of Salinomycin and synbiotic alone or in combination was effective in prevention of C. perfringens as expressed by reduction of signs, mortalities, lesions and intestinal count and also improving the performance parameters of broiler chickens. It was concluded that using of some feed additives like Salinomycin was nearly effective as using of natural product like synbiotic in prevention of C. perfringens. Moreover, the combination of both treatments was superior in prevention than using of each separately.

Hossein A. Ghasemi, Mahmood Shivazad, Kasra Esmaeilnia, Hamid Kohram and Mohammad A. Karimi

Coccidiosis is a common infectious disease in poultry, causing major economic losses. The aim of this study was first, to investigate the e ects of synbiotic Biomin IMBO on performance of broilers in normal condition (experiment ) and secondly, to evaluate the influence of synbiotic on severity of intestinal lesion score and fecal oocyst shedding of the broilerschallenged with coccidian (experiment 2). There were four dietary treatments in each experiment; basal diet (control) and basal diet +0.05, 0.1 or 0.15% synbiotic Biomin IMBO of diet. In experiment 1400 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 16 pens (25 birds/pen) and were fed regular nonmedicated broiler starter (0-10 d), grower (11-28 d) and finisher (29-42 d) diets. The measured traits were: Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at the end of each period. In experiment, on 10 d, four birds from each pen used in experiment 1 (totally 64 birds) were transformed to battery. On 15 d, birds were inoculated esophageally with 5000 oocysts of either Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria tenella. On 6 day after postinoculation, intestinal lesion score and number of oocysts excreted for successive five days were determined. The results showed that BWG was increased significantly in broilers fed diet containing 0.1 and 0.15% synbiotic, when compared to control group, from 1 d to 42 d. The presence of synbiotic in diet made significant improvement in FCR of finisher and total experimental periods. All groups fed diets with synbiotic significantly shed less oocysts than non-supplementation groups. The lowest lesions score of duodenum and cecum were observed in broiler fed diet with 0.15 % synbiotic. In conclusion, it can hypothesize that synbiotic Biomin IMBO can promote growth and have protective properties against coccidiosis in broiler diets.

Masoud Teshfam, Tohid Vahdatpour, Kambiz Nazeradl and Naser Ahmadiasl

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic as natural feed additives on growth performance, visceral organ weights insulin, thyroxin and growth hormone (growth – related hormones) of Japanese quail. A total of 192, one day old Japanese quail chicks were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments by 4 replicates and 12 birds pen-1. The experimental diets consisted of a basal diet without additive (control), 0.2 g kg-1 probiotic (Protexin), 1.6 g kg-1 prebiotic (Fermacto) and 1.0 g kg-1 synbiotic (Biomin IMBO) added to the basal diet. At 42 days, growth performance values calculated then 8 birds (4 male and 4 female) randomly selected, weighted and slaughtered for visceral organs weight recording and blood sampling were taken for analysis of serum hormones by ELISA kits. Quails fed synbiotic and prebiotic had higher feed intake than control birds (p˂0.05). High body weight and better feed conversion were in synbiotic (p˂0.05) and then in prebiotic group. The weight of each visceral organs were lower in group that had prebiotic (p˂0.05). The blood insulin in quails which had synbiotic was higher than other groups (p˂0.05) and in probiotic and prebiotic groups were higher than control group (p˂0.05). The growth hormone level was higher in synbiotic and probiotic fed group than control group (p˂0.05). In conclusion, these types of feed additives specially synbiotic and then prebiotic could be used in quails diet to improve the body weight and feed conversion by increasing the feed intake and stimulating the insulin and growth hormone release and they have implications in human health in organic production of meat and egg.

W. A. Awad, K. Ghareeb, S. Nitsch, S. Pasteiner, S. Abdel-Raheem and J. Böhm

Due to growing concerns about antibiotic resistance and the potential for a ban for antibiotic growth promoters, there is an increasing interest in finding alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production. The effects of prebiotics and probiotics or direct fed microbials (DFM) on gut health and performance in poultry as well as other species are studied. The interactions between intestinal microbiota, the gut epithelium and the immune system are important in the competitive exclusion process. Such feed additives have already been shown to affect relevant functions of the intestinal mucosa such as lowering the secretary response to theophylline or stimulating sodium/ glucose cotransport in rat, but knowledge of the plausible interactions between food contaminants and natural components has not yet been studied. In this study we examined the effects of prefeeding of a microbial feed additive (Lactobacillus sp.), prebiotic (chicory rich in inulin) and synbiotic feed additive (combination of probiotic strain enterococcus faecium, prebiotic chicory rich in inulin and immune stimulating substance derived from sea algae) on glucose transport of isolated jejunal mucosa of broiler chicks in the presence or absence of deoxynivalenol by the using chamber technique. The additition of glucose on the mucosal side in using chamber produced a significant increase in short circuit current (lsc) (P˂0.001) in all treated groups relative to the basal values. this increase in lsc for prebiotic and probiotic feed additives is equivalent to an increase of about 2 times that for the basal values and 3 times for the synbiotic group, while in the control group is about half fold that for the basal value. Further addition of DON to the mucosal solution decreased the D-glucose-stimulated current and returned to the basal value. In the second experiments, the addition of D-glucose to the mucosal side after preincubation of the control tissues with DON had no effect on the lsc (P˃0.05). while, the glucose addition after preincubation of the tissue with DON produced a higher increase in the lsc from the basal values in the prebiotic group (70%), probiotic group (20%) and the synbiotic group (26%) compared with the control group (13%), suggesting that the dietary prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation of the broilers increased the glucose transport in the presence of DON which could be promising to reduce the alterations caused by DON on gut physiology. This may offer the host protection against the negative effects of DON on intestinal glucose absorption. Thus, this study supports the concept that probiotics, prebiotic and symbiotic may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract.

Cristina Gabriela Radu-Rusu, I.M. Pop, D. Simeanu

The goal of the researches was to assess the effects of dietary usage of a synbiotic product (strain of Enterococcus faecium + fructo-oligosaccharide + certain ficofytic compounds from marine algae) on laying hens production parameters and eggs quality. The biological material, represented by 60 ISA Brown females, 57 weeks old, was divided in two groups: control (C) (n=30) and experimental treatment (E) (n=30). C group was fed with layer standard diet, while E group received the same feed, supplemented with 1‰ synbiotic. Certain traits have been assessed during the 4 weeks of the experiment: hens live weight and feed intake dynamics, feed conversion ratio, laying intensity, egg mass production, eggs and eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, shell index, shell breaking strength, occurrence of eggs with unconformities. The laying hens in the experimental group, whose fed was added with 1‰ synbiotic, gave better yield performances (+2.2% laying intensity; +1.7% egg mass production; -2.0% feed conversion) and impr ved shell quality (+5.31% weight; +3.4% thickness and breaking strength). Therefore, the usage of probioticprebiotic- ficofytic compounds mixture in a single commercial product, as feed additive generated better results related to hens performance, feed valorization, eggs yield, and their quality.

E. Horniakova, L. Busta, F. Flatnitzer

The goal of this experiment was additional verification of the probiotic preparation Enterococcus lactiferm, the influence of this IMB 52 feed mixture on feed consumption, nutrient consumption, production and weight of eggs in laying hens. The trial included laying hens of the ISA - Brown type, which were divided into a control group (group K) and 3 experimental groups (A, B, C), each containing 108 hens. Laying hens were fed by the feed mixture HYD - 10 upto first 43 weeks. The feed mixtures were different in concentration according to Enterococcus faecium in the probiotic preparation IMB 52. Group A was fed with 2.5.1011, the second group B with 5.0.1011 and third group C with 1.1012 cfu. t-1. The probiotic preparation IMB 52 was produced by BIOMIN Company in Austria. The highest feed intake per hen per day was in the K group (124.07 g) as compared with experimental groups which consumed 97.90 %, 96, 37 % and 97.27 % of feed, respectively. A similar tendency was found in the intake of dry matter, crude protein and energy, normalized for one egg, and the same for per kg egg mass produced. Lowest values were registered in group B. Egg weight was the highest, 63.65 g in group A, which was also statistically significant (P<0.05) in comparison with control group K. Groups B and C registered higher values of egg weight (63.45 and 63.03) compared with the control group. Laying intensity varied from 91.93 % to 92.83 % with the lowest value found in group A and the highest value in group C. These differences between groups (less than 1 %) were not statistically significant though (P>0.05). The production of egg mass was from 8.13 - 8.04 kg per head with the lowest value in group B and the highest in group C.

Houshang Lotfollahian, Seyed Mozafar Mehdizadeh, Ali Asghar Dadashi Dooki, Asghar Mohamadian and Hossein Noroozian

Objectives:An experiment was conducted under completely randomized design to study the effect of different level of feed additives Probiotics (Biomin Imbo) on performance of laying hens. Materials & Methods: 240 laying birds were procured and distributed randomly into four treatments and four replicate (15birds each) which was fed one of the following experimental diets containing different levels of probiotics (Biomin IMBO) for seven weeks. 1-Basel diet (control groups), 2-Basel diet+250g/t, 3- Basel diet+500g/t, 4-Basel diet+750g/t feed respectively. Results & Conclusion: As results revealed, feed efficiency were improved significantly throughout the production periods (p<0.01). Supplementations of diet with probiotics at 750g/t feed improved feed efficiency during experimental periods significantly as compared to control groups (p<0.01). Feed intake was kept constant at the levels of 110g/day/hen throughout the experimental period. Egg production and Egg mass weight (g/hen/day) was shown an increasing trend during 2nd phase production by increasing the dietary levels of probiotics (p<0.01). Nevertheless, egg production at 10th week remained non significant. Egg quality and quantity as well as blood cholesterol were not influenced by dietary supplementations of probiotics.

Marinko Vekic, Lidija Peric, Mirjana Dukic Stojcic, Stoja Jotanovic, Sinsia Bjedov, Michaela Mohnl

This paper presents the effects of dietary addition of probiotic Biomin® IMBO on production and table egg quality. 360 Hy Line Brown hens were used in experiment, which was conducted from 16 to 28 week of hen’s age. Every week average body weight, egg production, percentage of second grade egg, average egg weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were determined. Egg quality was evaluated at 21, 24, 26 and 28 week of hens age, and included the following parameters: egg weight, shell cleanness, shell weight, shell thickness, shell breaking force, albumen height and yolk color. The addition of dietary probiotic resulted in increased egg production and reduced percentage of second grade eggs. Feed conversion ratio for the entire period was significantly better in hens receiving probiotic, while feed intake and analyzed parameters of egg quality were not affected by added probiotic.

حسینعلی قاسمی، کامران طاهرپور

این آزمایش به منظور مقایسه اثرات مکمل پروبیوتیک، پربیوتیک و سین بیوتیک بر پایداري اکسیداتیو گوشت سینه جوجه هاي پس از نگهداري در روزهاي 10، 20 و 30 در دماي یخچال (4 درجه سانتی گراد) و در ماه های 2، 4 و 6 در دمای انجماد (20- درجه سانتی گراد) انجام گرفت. تیمارهاي آزمایش عبارت بودند از: جیره پایه بدون مکمل (جیره کنترل) و جیره هاي آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه به علاوه مکمل پروبیوتیک، مکمل پربیوتیک و سین بیوتیک. تعداد 160 جوجه گوشتی نر یک روزه به طور تصادفی به 16 واحد آزمایشی (10 پرنده در هر واحد) تقسیم و با جیره بر پایه ذرت و سویا در دوره هاي آغازین (0 تا 10 روزگی)، رشد (11 تا 28 روزگی) و پایانی (29 تا 42 روزگی) تغذیه شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که ، میزان مالون دي- آلدهید (میلیگرم در کیلوگرم) در گوشت سینه 30 روز پس از نگهداري در دماي یخچال و چهار ماه پس از نگهداري در دماي انجماد در جوجه هاي تغذیه شده با جیره حاوي پروبیوتیک و سینبیوتیک نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معنی داري کاهش یافته بود به طوري که کمترین مقادیر مربوط به تیمار سینبیوتیک بود. اما میزان اکسیداسیون گوشت در سایر زمانهاي نگهداري تحت تأثیر تیمار آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که در بین مکملهاي استفاده شده، استفاده از پروبیوتیک و بویژه سینبیوتیک توانست سبب بهبود پایداري اکسیداتیو گوشت سینه گردد که در نتیجه می تواند سبب کاهش نیاز به مواد آنتی اکسیدانی در جیره غذایی گردد.

E. Horniaková, L. Bušta

In a trial with hens of laying type Isa Brown we tested the influence of the probiotic preparation IMB 52 by measuring the weight of yolk, the weight of white and the content of minerals in yolk and white. The experiment was performed in a four group laying test with 3 repeatings, with the total number of 432 hens aged 24 weeks. The chickens were divided to one control group and three trial groups. They were enclosed in three platen cage technology. For the feeding we used a feed mixture of maize, soybean meal, rape seed oil with an addition of minerals and vitamins. The trial groups were fed with the addition of the probiotic preparation IMB 52 (Biomin GmBH Company, Austria) based on Enterococcus faecium in different concentrations. The feed for group A contained 2.5.1011, the second for group B contained 5.0.1011 and third for group C contained 1.1012 cfu.t-1. Observed values in trial groups were always compared to control group. The lowest value of egg weight was registered in the control group (62.77 g). In all trial groups higher values were observed, in the C group 63.03 g, in the B group 63.45 g and in the A group 63.65 g. Differences between control group compared to A and B group were statistically significant (P<0.05).The yolk weight, as well as the egg weight, were lowest in the control group (19.08 g), but highest in group B (16.16 g). The content of Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Zn in the original dry matter did not confirm a definite tendency of change in the dependence of the trial interference. The content of Ca and P in yolk was higher in the groups with the probiotic preparation, the content of Mg and Zn in yolk was higher in the control group. Statistically significant decreased values were noticed only between the control group and the trial B group concerning the content of Mg and Zn (P<0.05). The content of K in white was significantly decreased in all trial groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).